A black hole is anything but void. Instead, many things are squeezed into a little area; picture a star that is 10 times as large as the Sun is packed into a sphere the size of New York City. There is a gravitational pull as a result, and it is so strong that even light cannot escape. These peculiar objects, which are frequently thought to be the most fascinating things in space, have now received a new viewpoint thanks to NASA instruments. There have been theories concerning the existence of a huge, thick object in space from which light could not escape since the beginning of time. Black holes are most famously predicted by Einstein’s theory of general relativity, which showed that when a large star dies, a small, dense remnant core is left behind. According to the estimates, if the core’s mass exceeds about three times that of the Sun, gravity will dominate all other forces and lead to the formation of a black hole. Telescopes that search for light, x-rays, or other forms of electromagnetic radiation cannot see black holes. But we can infer the presence of black holes and learn more about them by seeing how they impact nearby matter.

If a black hole travels through a cloud of interstellar matter, for example, it will accrete that matter, or pull it inward. As it approaches a black hole, a regular star may behave similarly. In this case, the star can sever as it is pulled toward the black hole. As it accelerates and heats up, the heated and accelerated attracting matter emits X-rays into space. Recent discoveries offer some intriguing proof that black holes have a significant influence on their surroundings. Depending on where they are positioned, they can drive or inhibit the creation of new stars, unleash potent gamma-ray bursts, and consume nearby stars. Black holes are born in awe-inspiring ways, signaling the start of our cosmic voyage. The majority of black holes are formed from the ruins of enormous stars that have undergone supernova explosions. Eventually, smaller stars transform into dense neutron stars, which lack the mass required to focus light. Theoretically, if the star’s total mass is large enough (about three times the mass of the Sun), it may be shown that no force can stop the star from collapsing under the pull of gravity. When the star collapses, though, a strange thing occurs. When the surface of the star gets close to an idealized surface known as the “event horizon,” time on the star slows down about time preserved by observers far away. When the surface reaches the event horizon, time is stopped, and the star can no longer collapse. When the star’s surface touches the event horizon, time is stopped, and the star transforms into a frozen, collapsing object.

Black holes may become significantly bigger as a result of stellar collisions. Soon after the launch of the NASA Telescope “SWIFT” in December 2004, the gamma-ray bursts were the focus of its first observations. From Chandra and NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope observations, astronomers concluded that enormous explosions may occur when a black hole and a neutron star collide, producing another black hole. Later, observations were collected from the event’s “afterglow” by Chandra and Hubble. The “supermassive” black holes are giants at the opposite end of the size spectrum, millions or even billions of times as massive as the Sun. The Milky Way is one of several supermassive black holes that are assumed to be at the heart of most large galaxies. Astronomers can locate them by monitoring their effects on nearby stars and gas. The idea that there are no mid-sized black holes has long been maintained by astronomers.  The presence of mid-sized black holes is, however, supported by recent evidence from Chandra, XMM-Newton, and Hubble. One possible route for the formation of supermassive black holes is the build-up of extremely massive stars through a series of stellar collisions in tight star clusters, which would eventually collapse to produce intermediate-mass black holes. When the star clusters move in the direction of the galaxy’s center, the intermediate-mass black holes eventually unite to become a supermassive black hole.